Electric charges and fields
Electric Charges and Fields Topic:- 1- Introduction. 2- Electric Charge. 3- Conductors and Insulators. 4- Charging by Induction. 5- Basic properties of electric charges. 6- Coulomb’s law. 7- Force between multiple charges. 8- Electric field. 9- Electric field lines. 10- Electric flux. 11- Electric dipole. 12- Dipole in a uniform external field. 13- Continuous charge distribution. 14- Gauss’s law. 15- Application of Gauss's law. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Introduction In 600 B.C. , Thales of Miletus , one of the founders of Greek science, first noticed that if a piece of amber is rubbed with a woolen cloth, it then acquires the property of attracting light feathers, dust, lint, pieces of leaves, etc. In 1600 A.D., William Gilbert , the personal doctor to Queen Elizabeth - I of England, made a systematic