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  Physics Investigatory Project : Electromagnetic Induction The document is a research project on electromagnetic induction. It introduces electromagnetic induction, describing it as the production of voltage in a conductor exposed to a changing magnetic field. It covers Michael Faraday's experiments, which led to the discovery of this principle, and explains Faraday's two laws of induction. Applications discussed include electrical generators and credit card machines. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  

  CBSE CLASS XII,  MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT , PHYSICS NOTES- (PART V) MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT NCERT Class XII Physics Chapter 4th. Magnetic Effect of  Current Notes Study Material and Notes of Chapter 3 Magnetic Effect of current Class XII Physics ACCORDING TO THE CBSE SYLLABUS 2025-26 APPLICATION OF AMPERE’S LAW TO A STRAIGHT CONDUCTOR Let us make a circular loop of radius r around an infinitely long straight wire carrying current I. As the field lines are circular, the magnetic field at any point of the circular loop is directed along the tangent to the circle at that point.  By symmetry, the magnitude of magnetic field is same at every point of the circular loop.  From Ampere’s  circuital law

  CBSE CLASS XII,  MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT , PHYSICS NOTES- (PART IV) MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT NCERT Class XII Physics Chapter 4th. Magnetic Effect of  Current Notes Study Material and Notes of Chapter 3 Magnetic Effect of current Class XII Physics ACCORDING TO THE CBSE SYLLABUS 2025-26 AMPERE’S CIRCUITAL LAW Just as Gauss’s law is an alternative form of Coulomb’s law in electrostatics, similarly, we have Ampere’s circuital law as an alternative form of Biot-Savart law in magnetostatics. Ampere’s circuital law gives a relationship between the line integral of a magnetic field B and the total current that produces this magnetic field.                                                        ...

  CBSE CLASS XII,  MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT , PHYSICS NOTES- (PART III) MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT NCERT Class XII Physics Chapter 4th. Magnetic Effect of  Current Notes Study Material and Notes of Chapter 3 Magnetic Effect of current Class XII Physics ACCORDING TO THE CBSE SYLLABUS 2025-26. MAGNETIC FIELD AT THE AXIS OF A CIRCULAR CURRENT LOOP Consider a circular loop of wire of radius a and carrying current I. Let the plane of the loop be perpendicular to the plane of paper. We wise to find magnetic field at an axial point p at a distance r from the centre C.

  CBSE CLASS XII,  MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT , PHYSICS NOTES- (PART II) MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT NCERT Class XII Physics Chapter 4th. Magnetic Effect of  Current Notes Study Material and Notes of Chapter 3 Magnetic Effect of current Class XII Physics ACCORDING TO THE CBSE SYLLABUS 2025-26. MAGNETIC FIELD AT THE CENTRE OF A CIRCULAR CURRENT LOOP Let us consider a circular loop of wire of radius r carrying current (I). We wish to calculate its magnetic field at the centre O. The entire loop can be divided into a large number of small current elements.  Consider a current element of the loop. According to Biot-Savart law, the magnetic field at the centre O due to this element is,

  CBSE CLASS XII,  MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT , PHYSICS NOTES- (PART I) MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT NCERT Class XII Physics Chapter 4th. Magnetic Effect of  Current Notes Study Material and Notes of Chapter 3 Magnetic Effect of current Class XII Physics ACCORDING TO THE CBSE SYLLABUS 2025-26. When current is passed through the conductor it will produce a magnetic effect around it, so basically the wire acts like a magnet, and it will interact with the permanent magnet you have placed next to it, this effect can be reversed by changing the direction of the current, which according to the rule changes the direction of the magnetic field produced by it.   OERSTED EXPERIMENT a. Oersted discovered that a magnetic field around a conductor carrying electric charge at rest produces an electric field around it. b. A current-carrying conductor has a magnetic field and not an electric field around it. On the other hand, a charge moving with a uniform velocity has both an elect...

  CBSE CLASS XII,  CURRENT ELECTRICITY , PHYSICS NOTES- (PART I) CURRENT ELECTRICITY CBSE Class XII Physics Chapter 3rd  CURRENT ELECTRICITY   Notes Study Material and Notes of Chapter 3 CURRENT ELECTRICITY Class XII Physics ACCORDING TO THE CBSE SYLLABUS 2025-26. CURRENT ELECTRICITY Current is defined as the rate of flow of charge. S.I. unit of Electric Current is Ampere (A) The directed rate of flow of electric charge through any cross-section of a conductor is known as  electric current. If ∆Q charge flows in time ∆t, then the current at any time t is Where, n = number of charged particles constitute the current Current is a scalar quantity. I is in the direction of flow of positive charge and opposite to the direction of flow of negative charge. SI unit of current is ampere and is represented by A. CURRENT DENSITY (j)   The current density at a point in a conductor is the ratio of the current at that point in the conductor to the area of cr...